Sunscreen size studies

Studies shed light on sunscreen efficacy.

Sample size estimation in epidemiologic studies

This review basically provided a conceptual framework for sample size calculation in epidemiologic studies with various designs and outcomes. The formula requirement of sample size was drawn based on statistical principles for both descriptive and comparative studies. The required sample size was estimated and presented graphically with different effect sizes and power of statistical test at 95...

The Sunscreen Filter

Sun care products have evolved extensively during the past four decades. In the 1970s and 1980s, an effective sunscreen was one that blocked burning UVB rays and permitted socalled healthy UVA rays to go through the skin. The emphasis was on protection from the then-perceived harmful UVB rays. In fact, UVA rays were termed friendly and beneficial tanning rays. A tan was considered healthy and a...

Titanium Dioxide in Sunscreen

Titanium dioxide has been used in various industrial and cosmetic applications due to its unique elemental properties. This substance has a refractive index higher than most other compounds (n = 2.6142, in comparison to water at 20°C n = 1.33). This allows titanium dioxide to have an iridescent and bright quality. It has been used in the cosmetics industry for “whitening” and “thickening” in mu...

Sunscreen and immunosuppression.

Recently, Walker and Young (1997) reported that ultraviolet (UV) B sunscreens offer the same UVB protection factors against inflammation and immunosuppression in the mouse . The authors studied the relationship between photoprotection of inflammation and immunosuppression with monochromatic (Phi lips TL-01 tubes, A..,. _,= 311mll) UVB radiation. T he UVB dose-response curve for murine edema was...